The Preposition da

da is used in expressions of weight, measure or quantity:

• kilogramo da sukero – a kilo of sugar
• glaso da akvo – a glass of water
• multe da ideoj – a lot of ideas

⚠️ Watch out: after a quantity word, use da, not de. glaso da akvo = a glass of water.

The Suffix -ig

This "causative" suffix means "to make, to cause to be":

• beligi – to beautify (make beautiful)
• malplenigi – to empty
• sanigi – to cure, to heal
• mortigi – to kill (cause to die)

⚠️ Watch out: don't confuse -ig with -iĝ (lesson 6). -ig = to make something change (beligi – to make beautiful); -iĝ = to become (beliĝi – to grow beautiful).

The Suffix -aĉ

shows the speaker's low opinion of the thing:

• hundaĉo – cur (a wretched dog)
• knabaĉo – brat
• skribaĉi – to scribble