Ju … des

ju pli … des pli – "the more … the more":

• Ju pli longe, des pli bone. – The longer, the better.

💡 Memory aid: ju goes in the first half, des in the second — fixed partners, like the English "the … the".

Ajn

makes a word indefinite or general:

• kiom ajn – however much

💡 Memory aid: ajn opens a correlative right up:

• kiom (how much) → kiom ajn (however much)

The Prefix dis-

denotes separation or dispersal — like English "dis-" in "distribute" or "disperse":

• disĵeti – to scatter
• dissendi – to broadcast

The Suffix -on

denotes a fraction:

• duono – half
• triono – third
• kvarono – quarter
• sesono – sixth

💡 Memory aid: -on turns a number into its fraction:

• du (two) → duono (half)
• kvar (four) → kvarono (quarter)

It can also form adjectives and verbs:

• kvarona jaro – quarter year
• duone – halfway, by half

Final recombination

At the end of the course, many known pieces come back in new words:

• trinki (to drink) → trinkaĵo (drink)
• mal + fermi → malfermi (to open)
• ordo + -ig → ordigi (to put in order)
• ĉiu + tago + -e → ĉiutage (every day)
• re + veni → reveni (to come back)